RURUKAN: MANAJEMEN TRADISI MASYARAKAT PETANI RANCAKALONG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26742/mklng.v1i2.869Abstract
Abstrak
Rurukan adalah organisasi tradisi lama masyarakat petani di Rancakalong Sumedang. Rurukan ini sangat dominan dan berperan penting dalam ritual upacara adat Ngalaksa, bubur Syuro dan upacara lainnya yang diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat Rancakalong. Rurukan ini berkaitan dengan pola pikir dalam memuliakan padi dengan konsep Sanes Migusti Nyai (padi) tapi Muspusti Damelan Gusti (bukan menyembah padi tapi memelihara ciptaan Tuhan) yang memberi petanda akan keyakinannya (agamanya) pada sikap sinkretis. Dilengkapi pula dengan realitas sikap yang disimbolkan dalam keseluruhan rangkaian upacara adat di Rancakalong. Antara latar belakang, tujuan, dan simbol-simbol yang dipakai dalam ritualnya menyiratkan sebuah ramuan artefak masyarakat ladang-sawah, agama Hindu-Budha-Islam.
Fokus pembahasan dari penelitian ini mengkaji konsep Rurukan, melalui teori manajemen pengorganisasian G. Terry, sebagai sebuah artefak di masyarakat petani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pengumpulan data dan melakukan pengamatan di lapangan. Pengamatan peran Rurukan sebagai instutisi pelaksana dalam upacara adat Ngalaksa, didukung juga dengan wawancara dan rekam kejadian. Studi pustaka dan dilanjutkan dengan memahami objek untuk mengamati dan berinteraksi, telah dilakukan sebelum ke lapangan.
Berdasarkan manajemen pengorganisasian G. Terry, Rurukan sebagai kegiatan upacara di masyarakat Rancakalong dapat dilaksanakan dengan optimal. Kegiatan tersebut oleh Saehu Rurukan dan manajemennya diciptakan oleh masyarakat setempat sebagai budaya yang erat hubungannya dengan pola hidup masyarakat petani yang bertujuan untuk menghidupkan tanaman padi.
Manajemen Rurukan sebagai manajemen tradisional juga telah menerapkan konsep manajemen modern. Hal ini berarti, bahwa masyarakat Rancakalong, dengan kearifan lokal yang dianut dan dimilikinya secara turun-temurun, menjadikan manajemen Rurukan sebagai kegiatan tradisi yang kemudian menjadi pedoman hidup mereka sehari-hari.
Kata Kunci: Rurukan, Kearifan Local, Manajemen, Organisasi Tradisi.
Abstract
Rurukan is an old organizational tradition for farmers in Rancakalong in Sumedang. This Rurukan has a great role and very dominant in Ngalaksa ritual, Bubur Syuro ritual and either with some other rituals held in Rancakalong. This Rurukan goes together with the farmers mind set in glorifying the rice plant through the concept of Sanes Migusti Nyai (rice) but Mupusti Damelan Gusti, means “they are not worshipping the rice plant” but “they maintain the God creations”, which shows their believe (their religion) in the attitude of syncretism. This ritual also equipped with the posture of reality symbolized in the overall ritual series in Rancakalong. Among of those backgrounds, purposes, and symbols were used in that ritual depicting an artifact of the people’s creations of farmland-rice field, and the religions (Hind-Buddha-Islam).
The focus of this research is to investigate the Rurukan’s concept through G. Terry’s theory of management organization as an artifact in farmer’s environment. Rurukan as the institution or league, which is covering the group of human resources hereditarily, is headed by Ketua/Saehu Rurukan. Management organization in Rurukan was created by people as a local custom which closely related to the farmer’s way of life in order to keep the rice plants alive.
Based on G. Terry’s management organization, Rurukan as a ritual activity in Rancakalong society can be conducted optimally. This research uses qualitative descriptive through collecting data and field-observation, the live observation of the role of Rurukan as an institution organizer in Nagalaksa ritual, carried with interview and event-transcriptions process. Literature review and followed with understanding the object to observing and interacting were completely done beforehand. This research shows that the Rurukan concept and the G. Terry’s theory of management organization concept, where the Tritangtu (MNW) in Rurukan concept and the G. Terry’s POAC concept, both of them has the same perspective and application. This Ngalaksa ceremony proves that management in the old traditional concept has been applied properly. This application depicts that the Rancakalong people, with their professed wise-local custom hereditarily, as the organizer of their traditional activities who became their life orientation and well practiced in their daily life.
Keywords: Rurukan, Local Custom, Management Organization traditional.
References
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